Fluorescein: history, chemistry and modern eye uses—corneal staining, Seidel leak test, Jones drainage test and retinal angiography.

Carl (Karl) Koller (1857–1944), Austrian ophthalmologist who introduced cocaine as the first practical local anaesthetic in 1884, transforming surgery and enabling regional and neuraxial anaesthesia.

Erich Seidel (1882–1946), German ophthalmologist. Described Seidel scotoma (1914): sickle/arcuate blind-spot extension in early glaucoma.

Manuel Straub (1858–1916), Dutch ophthalmologist. Early human fluorescein corneal staining (1888) and landmark lens-induced uveitis work

Lester T. Jones (1894/95–1983), Oregon ophthalmologist. Defined the lacrimal pump, created Jones fluorescein dye tests, and pioneered CDCR with the Jones tube.

Theodore Ernst Obrig (1894–1967) pioneered cobalt-blue and fluorescein viewing (1938), transforming contact lens fitting and corneal surface assessment.

Ernst Pflüger (1846–1903), Swiss ophthalmologist. Early fluorescein cornea experiments (1882) and influential work on refraction, optotypes and colour vision testing

Swiss ophthalmologist Johann Friedrich Horner (1831–1886), eponym of Horner's syndrome, advanced ophthalmic surgery and neuroanatomical diagnostics

Horner syndrome is associated with an interruption to the sympathetic nerve supply of the eye. It is characterized by the classic triad of miosis, partial ptosis, and anhidrosis +/- enophthalmos

William John Adie (1886 – 1935) was an Australian neurologist. Best known for describing the tonically dilated pupil (Adie pupil) associated with absent deep tendon reflexes (Adie syndrome) and his description of narcolepsy

Irish neurologist Sir Gordon Holmes (1876–1965), pioneer of cerebellar and visual pathway research, key wartime studies, and enduring neurological eponym

Holmes–Adie syndrome: a benign neurological condition marked by tonic pupils and areflexia, historically mistaken for neurosyphilis.